Caterelo · Data Sources

Full transparency

Every dataset behind Caterelo's 13 signals.

Caterelo aggregates relocation intelligence from 60+ official, public and reputable sources. Each region score traces back to verifiable data — published methodology, no black-box scoring. Below: every source we use, grouped by category.

01Overview

Caterelo prioritizes official statistical offices, supranational institutions, and well-documented academic datasets. We supplement with reputable proprietary indices (Numbeo, Speedtest, Nomad List) where coverage at the regional level is otherwise impossible. Every chart, score and comparison on Caterelo is built from the sources below.

We do not use scraped real estate listings (illegal in most EU jurisdictions) or self-reported data without cross-validation. Where regional granularity is unavailable, we explicitly mark figures as country-level proxies.

02Main data source groups

EU institutional

Eurostat

EU-wide harmonized statistics: population (demo_r_pjangrp3), household income (nama_10r_2hhinc), unemployment (lfst_r_lfu3rt), House Price Index, purchasing power parity. NUTS 2 regional coverage.

Climate science

IPCC AR6

WG1 (2021) climate projections, EURO-CORDEX regional downscaling (~12.5km grid), SSP2-4.5 moderate scenario. Used for 2050 climate trajectory layer (temperature, drought, fire risk).

National statistics

INE Spain

Instituto Nacional de Estadística — official Spanish housing prices, EPA labor force survey, regional cost data, demographic projections.

National statistics

ISTAT Italy

Istituto Nazionale di Statistica — Italian House Price Index, regional income (SES 2022/2024), territorial statistics, education infrastructure.

National statistics

INE Portugal + Banco de Portugal

Portuguese housing trends, Quadros de Pessoal salary survey, NUTS 2 regional indicators, Algarve / Alentejo / Lisbon demographics.

National statistics

INSEE France + Notaires de France

French regional statistics (DADS), Notaires de France property transaction database (price per m² per département), salary data by region.

National statistics

ELSTAT + Bank of Greece

Greek statistical office, Bank of Greece quarterly housing market reports, tourism stats, regional GDP and labor data.

National statistics

DZS Croatia + HNB

Croatian Bureau of Statistics (DZS) HPI, Hrvatska Narodna Banka housing market data, županija-level income and demographic stats.

Supranational

OECD

Health at a Glance, Education at a Glance, regional well-being database, Better Life Index, tax policy data.

Health

WHO + Euro Health Consumer Index

National healthcare quality scoring, regional access metrics, hospital infrastructure data, private healthcare availability ratings.

Climate / weather

Open-Meteo + AEMET / IPMA / ISPRA / EMY / Météo-France

Live weather data + national meteorological service archives for sunny days/year, temperature ranges, rainfall, climate type classification.

Air quality

WAQI + Open-Meteo Air Quality

Regional air quality index (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, O3) for healthcare and lifestyle scoring.

Cost of living

Numbeo

Crowd-sourced cost of living, restaurant prices, transport, utilities. Used for cross-validation against official statistics.

Digital infrastructure

Speedtest Global Index + DESI 2024

Internet speed (Mbps median), Digital Economy and Society Index for fiber rollout, English proficiency rankings.

Search interest

Google Trends

Regional search interest signals (interestOverTime, interestByRegion) for "Hidden Gem" detection — undervalued regions vs. attention.

Real estate listings

Idealista, Immobiliare.it, Spitogatos, Njuškalo, SeLoger

National property portals — region-specific listing density and asking-price calibration. We deep-link to portals (no scraping).

Education

International Schools Database + IBO.org

International school counts per region, IB-accredited program availability, tuition ranges (EUR), curriculum types (American / British / IB / French / German).

Lifestyle

Coworker.com + Startup Genome + InterNations

Coworking space density, startup ecosystem rankings, expat community sentiment surveys (annual Expat Insider).

03Source categories — by data type

Property prices

Eurostat House Price Index (HPI) — EU-harmonized comparison baseline
National statistical offices: INE Spain, ISTAT Italy, INE Portugal, ELSTAT Greece, INSEE France, DZS Croatia
National property portals (deep-linked, not scraped): Idealista, Immobiliare.it, Spitogatos, Njuškalo, SeLoger, Notaires de France
National central banks: Bank of Greece, HNB Croatia (quarterly housing reports)

Cost of living

Eurostat purchasing power parity (PPP)
Numbeo regional cost-of-living indices
National salary surveys: INE Quadros de Pessoal, ISTAT SES, INSEE DADS

Safety

Numbeo Safety Index 2025 (regional crime perception)
Eurostat crime statistics (national-level baseline)
National police annual reports for cross-validation

Climate

Open-Meteo (live weather data)
National meteorological services: AEMET (Spain), IPMA (Portugal), ISPRA (Italy), EMY (Greece), Météo-France
IPCC AR6 + EURO-CORDEX (climate projections to 2050)
JRC PESETA IV (EU climate impact assessment)

Healthcare

WHO regional health observatory
OECD Health at a Glance
Euro Health Consumer Index
National health ministries (system quality + private availability)

Education

International Schools Database (regional school directories)
IBO.org (IB-accredited schools registry)
OECD PISA + Education at a Glance

Digital infrastructure

Speedtest Global Index (median internet speed by region)
EU DESI 2024 (Digital Economy and Society Index — fiber, broadband)
EF EPI (English Proficiency Index)
Nomad List (coworking density cross-check)

Lifestyle / search interest

Google Trends (interestOverTime + interestByRegion)
YouTube Data API (regional content volume)
Coworker.com (coworking space density)
Startup Genome (regional startup ecosystem rankings)
InterNations Expat Insider (annual qualitative survey)

Air quality / environment

WAQI (World Air Quality Index)
Open-Meteo Air Quality API
European Environment Agency (EEA) air quality dashboards

04Data limitations

Honest about what we don't know:

Data availability varies by country and region. Croatia's smaller županije have thinner coverage than Spain's autonomous communities. Where data is missing, we mark it explicitly.
Some regional metrics are proxies. When NUTS 2 data is unavailable, we use country-level baselines and flag them as approximations.
Caterelo prioritizes consistency and comparability over hyper-precision. A small inaccuracy that's consistent across all 90 regions is more useful for decision-making than a perfectly accurate but inconsistent dataset.
All scores are directional decision-support signals, not guarantees. A region with LifeTrend™ 78/100 isn't objectively "better" than one with 72/100 — it scores higher on Caterelo's specific weighting model. Your priorities may weight the underlying signals differently.
Refresh cadence: quarterly. Most data is reviewed each quarter (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4). Climate projections update annually as new IPCC and EURO-CORDEX runs are published. Live data layers (weather, air quality, currency) refresh on each request.

Found an error or missing source? Caterelo's methodology is iterated based on real feedback. Email hello@r352.com with the source you'd like us to incorporate or the data point you believe is incorrect. We typically respond within 48 hours.

Caterelo is a decision-support tool. It provides informational data and comparative signals for relocation research. It is not legal, tax, immigration, real estate or investment advice. Always verify country-specific regulations and consult licensed professionals before making relocation, property or financial decisions.